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No'. 634,044. A Patented oct. a,V |899.

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UNITED V STATES MAX vILLARET, or wITAszYoE, GERMANY.

PATENT OFFICE.

BRICK-TRUCK.'

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 634,044, 'dated October 3, 1,899.

Application file d November '7, 1898. Serial No. 695,798. (No model.) y

To @ZZ whom t may concern.;-

Be it known that I, MAX VILLARET, of Witaszyee, in the Province of Posen, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have invented a new and useful Improvement in and Connected with Means for Transporting Bricks, ot which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to trucks employed'- for forwarding bricks from the drying-roomA to the kiln or from the press to the dryingroom.

My object is to make it possible to drive such trucks through low doorways, such as occur in brick-kilns. I attain this object by supporting the main frame of the truck on a horizontal axle, on which it is adapted to turn in such a manner that it can be changed from the usual vertical position into a horizontal one, means being provided for preventing the bricks from falling oft when the main frame is overturned.

My object is, further, to facilitate loading and unloading. For this purpose l provide turnable arms for carrying the drying-boards on which the bricks are placed, thus allowing the said drying-boards to be easily seized from and easily deposed upon their bearinglaths in the drying-room, respectively. I prefer to arrange the turnable arms in such a manner that they are raised or loweredone after another, respectively, for reducing the weight of the bricks to be moved at the same time.

My invention is constructed as follows, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of the truck. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the truck in another position. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the truck on line A B atl Fig. l. Fig. a is vertical section of a modified truck. Fig. 5 is a back view of the .truck shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a vertical section of another modification of the truck.

The brick-truck represented in Figs. l, 2, and 3 Vis constructed as follows: The usually horizontal arms c, forming the different shelves of the truck, which are tnrnable, are attached to the rails d'and are also pivotally secured on the angle-irons h, which are used for carrying the drying-boards. In Fig. l is shown the upmost shelf filled with bricks, While all the other shelves are shown empty for the sake of clearness. The' rails d are fastened securely to the angle-irons c, which with the help of the axlefare set reversibly on the standards o. The latter 'are erected on a truck supplied with wheelsthat is, the

' Awhole frame which supports the shelves ct is vreversible in a vertical plane around the axle f, so that this part can take either a vertical or horizontal position, according to necessity.

lf the frame is in a horizontal position, Fig. 2, it is considerably lower than in its vertical position, and therefore adaptable for passing through low doorways. Now, as has been already mentioned, it might be feared that the drying-boards and the bricks on them would fall over after the reversing of the frame, especially in driving over rough rails and switches, if the carrying-shelves were to keep their rectangular position to the main frame and so after the reversing of the latter were to become perpendicular. It is therefore advisable to be able to put these shelves in a slanting position. In the drawings it is shown how on the same'truck this slanting position can bebrought about by help of an arrangement Worked by hand, as well as by an arf rangement Working automatically. About the first-that is, the arrangement worked by hand-the following must bementioned: Y

Two shelves (t, forming one of the middle shelves' and which are placed at the same height, are elongated toward the back and the projecting ends n are connected by a crosspiece o. To this cross-piece o the levers m are movably fastened, which, on the other hand, are joined to the hand-levers g, which revolve loosely around the 'axle f. It is evident that if the hand-levers g are turned all the arms o. turn also, as the latter are connected by the angle-irons d, and thus they all turn around their centers of motion' on the angle-irons b. While the drying-boards,with the bricks, are being placed on the shelves formed by the arms a the latter must of course not change their horizontal position, wherefore the cross-bar la, joining the handlevers g, is provided, which grips under the catch of the levers fi, which are joined at tto the angle-irons h of the truck. (Thus the hand-levers g are preventedfrom swinging IOO upward, and at the saine time the arms fl, are not permitted to sink. Should, however, thc main frame be turned over in its horizontal position after loosening the catches of levers i and lifting the handeleve'rs g, one can occasion such a slanting posit-ion of the arms d that the latter prevent the drying-boards from falling over, as can be seen in Fig. 2. The workman can prevent the shelves from slanting too suddenly by help of the hand-levers g, and it is evident that an excessive slanting is already prevented by the whole system of levers not having sufficient play. This could also be prevented by special devices. The frame having resumed its vertical position, the cross-bar 7o springs back again of its own accord under the catches of the levers t' and keeps the shelves in their horizontal position.

The reversing of the main frame itself occurs in the direction shown by the arrow in Fig. l. To set this in work, one presses or treads on the free arm of the lever lr, pivoted at w, which generally by means of its catch grips behind the cross-piece s and prevents the main frame from overturning. The crossbar y, connecting the girders c of the frame at the top, serves as a handle in turning the frame over. After the horizontal position is taken the cross-girders likewise attached to the girders c, rest on a corresponding crosspiece z, which connects Vthe rails 7i. To bring about the slanting position of the arms d automatically in reversing the main frame, this method of reversing itself can be used if one does not wish to make use of the above-described arrangement worked by hand. For this purpose guiding-forks p are rigidly attached t-o the standards t", which work in combination with the rod q, guided by the same. The latter connects the angle-irons h. Now if the frame which carries the shelves formed by the arms d is reversed, and thus swings around the axle f, the rod q in the forksp rises, and it is at the same time forced to move sidewise, so that the angle-irons b also receive a side movement: but as the rails d,

p which bear the end centers of motion of the arms a, are rigidly attached to the girders c a swinging of the arms a in the opposite sense to that of a watch-hand results, (if one has Figs. l and 2 in view.) The shelves then take up the position shown in Fig. 2, which prevents a spontaneous turning over or falling off of the bricks. An excessive sloping of the arms a under pressure of the bricks cannottake place, because the forks p prevent this also.

The reversed position of the frame has the still further advantage that it is possible to takeoff the bricks conveniently. If one pro' ceeds in such a Way that, referring to Fig. 2,v

the bricks are taken off from right to left, the arrangement finally swings back automatically to the vertical position on account of the overbalance coming from the left side.

The loading of the drying-boards with bricks onto the trucks took place hitherto in larger brick-works by means of a perpendicular loading-frame, on which the empty dryingboards were placed in several ledges, one above the other, so that the bricks coming from the press could be deposited on these` drying-boards. These drying-boards,with the bricks laid upon them, were then delivered from the loading-fratrie onto the shelves of the truck, and While the truck was in the drying-room the loading-frame was filled with fresh bricks, so that the returning truck could immediately take them up again.

In Fig. 4 thel truck is shown in a vertical section, and Fig. 5 shows a corresponding backview. Theframec,carryingtheshelves d', is fastened to the truck in a manner described 'later on. It has a slanting position, so that the lower shelves stand farther out, and at the same time the advantage is obtained that the lowest shelf can be placed underneath the axle of the-truck, which, if the frame is perpendicular, is of course impossible. This advantage is of importance, since in the absence of a loading-frame it is especially necessary to be able to put on as many bricks as possible. The tilting of the truck is prevented through this oblique position of the frame, resulting in a much greater stability of the whole truck.

The frame c is, like that shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, reversible for the same object to make it possible to pass through low openings in a horizontal position. For this purpose the frame sits loosely on a horizontal axle q', around which it can be turned until with its top end it lies upon some fixed part of the truck.l In its usual slanting position the truck is held fast in the one direction by the cross-bar r and in the other direction by the lever s', which can be set free by stepping on its free end. The armsd' are pivotally connected to the frame c and strike with their free ends against the boltst, which' are securely fastened to the movable bars V V', each of the latter being formed of two rails connected the one With the other by the bolts t', respectively. The bars V are connected with the frame-girders c' and with the rods fw by the levers u and u2, respectively, in such a manner that the whole system forms a parallelogram. On the' frame c there is also placed the ratchet n', rigidly connected with the saine, on which a pawl of the hand-lever 1J works in the Well-known manner. The latter is fastened firmly to the axle q. The hand-lever is connected with one of the double bars v by a rod b', which is pivotally attached to the latter. On the other side by means of a similar rod h' and a short lever Z', placed on the aXle q', the corresponding connection is established. As can-be seen, While the frame c is stationary the arms a can be given a different inclination by turning the IOO IIO

hand-lever p', which can be retained, according to necessity, by placing the pawl of the lever on one of the openings of the ratchet n.

" of the lowest shelf will increase.

Vesaoae. e

I have previously stated that the shelves e' could be placed in dilferent positions by turning the hand-lever p; but this only applies so long as the lifting up of the same can be effected under all circumstances by this turning of the hand-lever, but not a sinking, be-

cause the bolts t only take the free ends of the shelves c with them in their downward motion. lf, indeed, the shelves c' are loaded, they will always follow the upward motion of the bolts t', and consequently in this case their carrying parts will sink. This arrangement is made because a setting in motion of the several shelves independently of one another is necessary for the immediate loading of the truck without the help of a loading-frame, as the shelves c are lso numerous, one above the other, that if they maintained the same distance between them after the loading the bringing in of the bricks would be diiiicnlt. The non-carrying portions of the shelves a', with exception of the lowest, are connected with each other by chains a?. If, now, the carrying parts of the two lowest arms a are raised by the hand, all theshelves lying above will be raised simultaneously, while the distance between the swinging ends of the second lowest and that It therefore follows that the laying of the stones on the lowest shelf is done with greater ease.

In case the second shelf is loaded the second lowest arm c will similarly he pressed back by the hand without the upper shelves being influenced by it. In the same way the' loading will proceed and the result be obtained that the shelves as they continually come forward to be loaded will have a sufficient space between them suitable for putting in the bricks. As the arms of the shelves are adapted to swing in a vertical plane, they can be employed in the loading and unloading of the bricks. Toeft'ect the taking hold of the bricks, the shelves must next be lowered,'so that they can grip under the drying-boards, upon which, through the upward swinging of the shelves, the drying-boards are taken ed. In unloading the bricks it will be necessary by reverse action to swing high the shelves which carry the drying-boards and then to lower them again for the purpose of delivery.

. For this purpose one can imm ediately use the arrangement shown in Fig. I. In this gure a drying-board with bricks upon it is shown on thehighest shelf a, while the otherdrying-boards are omitted for' the sake of clearness, as above mentioned. New before the shelves can take up the position shown they must, as before stated, be lowered, so as to grip under the drying-boards. If one wishes to pass the truck in for the purpose of Ltaking over the drying-boards from the dryingroom, one presses on the hand-lever g to be able to set lever 1l free. `The hand-lever g is then moved upward so far as to allow the shelves to sink suiciently and to extend conshown that the same arrangement which is used for making the shelves slant in reversing the frame can also be used for the loadingand unloading of the bricks; but it can alsorbe used vfor yloading and unloading in connection with the automatic Y device for slanting the shelves, because it works quite independently of the latter. Better than this is the arrangement shown in Fig. 6. Itis ap' plied to a truck according to Fig. e-that is, to a truck which has a slanting frame suitable forloading wthouta loadingframe,the frame being further adapted to swing on a horizontal axle. Qnthe angle-irons B the arms A are pivoted, which serve for taking away the dryin g-hoards. These arms A, forming the differentshelves of the truck, are bent dow-n at their back projections in such a way that a curve is formed at the angle, and in the horizontal position of the arms A the bent parts run parallel to the angle-irons B. Therails M, which are furnished with rollers D at equal distances, are arranged parallel to the rails B and are adapted to slide in top and bottoml girders. These distances are smaller than the distances of the arms A the one from the other. The rails M can be moved up and down by the hand-lever O, which swings freely around the axle of the truck and is connected by the lever C with the rails M. Itis evident that in consequence of the circumstance that the distances between the rollers are smaller than those between the arms A in pressing down the rails M by means of the hand-lever O rst the highest shelf and then, after the stroke of the same is completed, the second, and then the third, the., is moved, until at last all the shelves are lifted up one after the other. In order to prevent the upper shelves from swinging farther after having completed their sufficient stroke, back parts of the arms are,'as previously mentioned, bent in such a way that the parts hanging down run parallel to the rails B and also to the rails M. In consequence of this each roller will roll past the bent-down parts without effect as soon as it has passed the curve at the angle of the elongated arms and so has caused the required stroke of thecorresponding shelf A. At the same time a possible sinking of the shelves A under the weight of theV bricks on them is prevented. The back parts of the lower arms become shorter by degrees to prevent contact with the rollers destined for moving the neighboring arms.

The explained process- IOO IOS

IIO

has the great advantage that the workman need not lift the entire weight all at once,

but at his ease takes up the drying-boards singly from the drying-frame. This work is also particnlarly'easy for this reason, that the lifting up of a single drying-board which is lled with bricks is facilitated inse far as the shelves A are not lifted up perpendienlarly, bntswinginavertealplane-that is,eachdrying-board is taken hold of at an edge and then taken away. In the drawings it is granted that the two highest shelves are already lifted up, while the remaining are placed in the lowest position.

The slanting position of the shelves in the reversing of the frame for passing low doorways is caused by the hand-lever O, which after taking up all the drying-boards is held fast by the catch F and in the reversing of X'Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In aloading and transporting device for bricks and the like, the main frame, turnable on a horizont-al axle and the shelves adapted to swing in a vertical plane, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a loading andA transporting' device for bricks and the like, the main frame tnrnable on a horizontal axle, the shelves adapted to swing in a vertical plane and Ineans for lifting and lowering such shelves one after another, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.`

' MAX VILLARE'F.

Witnesses:

HERRMANN WILLENBERG, HERMANN BARTSCH. 

